Michelangelo Antonioni and Women in Film

Michelangelo Antonioni and Women in Film Michelangelo Antonioni was an Italian film director, he was born In Ferrara, northern Italy, 1929. With Fellini he belongs to a so called provincial wave of Italian neorealist filmmakers,  not so distant from the metropolitan colleagues De Sica, Rossellini and Visconti. (Chatman 1985, Tinazzi 1994) While not initially fully appreciated by the tradition audience for his excessive intellectualism and pessimism. ( Crowther 1960, Hawkins 1960, Barthes 1994) Today, Antonioni is regarded one of the most influential personalities in Cinema. (Grenier 1960, Manceaux 1960, Fink 1935, Chatman 1989, Koehler 2015) His most remarkable works concern the sense of anguish and fragility of the modern society. (Di Carlo 1964, Lucantonio 2011) The characters belong to the idle rich society of the Italian post war, their boredom and sense of ennui robbed them of their ability to express their feelings and reduced them to speak in a feeble manner in attempt to conceal their sense of futility.(Chatman 1985, Pomerance 2011) Women, play leading roles Antonioni emphases womens ability to be more honest with human relations. A capacity virtually lost by intellectual men who are unable to supply any sort of sensitiveness. Not given by their inability to provide an alternative to boredom,  but by their complete unresponsiveness.(Pomerance 2011) Alberto Moravia in his Boredom (1960) wrote: Boredom is not the opposite of amusementboredom to me consists in a kind of insufficiency, or inadequacy, or lack of reality. it originates in a sense of the absurdity of a reality which is unable, to convince me of its own effective existence To modern man, the means to restore a link with reality is given by sexuality, however, if sexuality provides only a physical relief Eros is sick Antonioni (1962) says It is a symptom of the emotional sickness of our time [] man is unease, something is bothering him. And whenever something bothers him, man reacts, but he reacts badly, only on erotic impulse, and he is unhappy. Embodying many of the philosophical concerns associated with European existentialists Antonioni exposed the existential dilemma of modern man.(Barthes 1994, Darke 1995, Giannetti 1999, Holden 2006, Tomasulo 2008, Bortolini 2011) Antonioni dehumanized his characters of their personality and used them as devices to show the high psychological complexity of the unstable neurotic personalities of our time. (Lunn 1982, Melzer 2010) Melancholia, incommunicability, emptiness, alienation. All elements that characterize a life lacking in purpose and a general sense of spiritual vacuity Themes that are well represented in LAvventura (1959) and Il Deserto Rosso (1960). (Hoberman 2006) Lavventura, set amongst the remote Sicilian seashore, sees the search for a missing person Anna, disappeared during a boat trip. Sandro, her fiancà ©e, and Claudia, her best friend, start a search in a vain attempt to find her during which become attracted to each other and the search for Anna turns into a desire to not finding her anymore. Il Deserto Rosso, set in the overly industrialized outskirt of Ravenna, sees Giuliana, a neurotic woman, in the desperate attempt to keep a link with reality. Her troubled personality is split between a worried mother for her son Valerio, who fakes to be paralyzed at one point and adulterousness with a Corrado, a business associate of his neglectful husband, Ugo. Claudia and Giuliana seek for utopian ideals into dystopian worlds. From a side the sentimental ideal of Claudia: morally discomforted by choosing between finding her lost companion or keeping the shallow affair with Sandro. And on the other the existential ideal of Giuliana: in the desperate attempt to survive her depression in a sort of Darwinist mechanism of natural selection (Melzer 2010) To the neurotic personality everything appears absurd in life: family, work or even driving a car. Giuliana is a paradigmatic example of it. Jean Paul Sartre (1989) would say she lives in bad faith Living in bad faith means living not authentically, convincing oneself that there are no alternatives and pretending that something out there has meaning. Indeed, she bought a shop in Via Dante Alighieri, but she does not know what to do with it or she escapes by fantasizing about azure lagoons and warm beaches. (Salinari 1960) Giuliana is not frightened by modernity, she is not in tune with the industrialized world that oppresses her stimulus. Giuliana adjusted to this world, and learnt how to circulate in it and even though everyone around her accepted it, she refuses to respond to it Neurosis is the inability to tolerate ambiguity Freud stated (1977) The agonizing malaise of Giuliana, is given by her inability to tolerate a world that does not support her ideals and obliged her to accept her faith In contrast Ugo and Corrado have embraced the spirit of the XIX Century The industrial progress proceeds by neglecting the family bond or slowly crumbling it. Corrado has the spirit of the traveller and sees objects through the landscape in motion. For Corrado it means where to go, what to buy, who to hire, it is all about progress. For Giuliana it means where to stay, who to make boundaries with She needs to see things for their presence and perspective In LAvventura Claudias desire to find Anna is sincere. In spite of Sandro that has no real desire to find her. He would rather leave the mystery unsolved and move on. The characters vagabondage plays as an ephemeral mechanism of self relief to avoid further anxiety or sense of guilt by not even try (Chatman 1989) Both couples communicate through a sense of mutual pity. They try to explain their problems in virtually psychotic terms, though they fail to communicate to each other as they struggle to communicate with themselves first. They suffer from existential anxiety they are in desperate need to fulfil their sterile lives but, they dont know how. As much as Sandro and Corrado try to be supportive they at the end surrender to sexual temptation. Their emotive instinct degraded in consequence of repression and has been endlessly replaced by substitute-objects. (Chatman 1985) Corrado and Sandro are emblematic examples of the Freudian dyad of the modern manwhere the only two concerns of life are work and sex. Their sexual fulfilment is unsatisfactory and guilt ridden, eroticism is used as an anodyne to their moral dilemma and an outlet for frustration. (OLesser 1964) For modernists, sex is a contest and they would swap their beloved to the same extent they would accept or decline a work offer The room where they just spent hours talking about eroticism has no less meaning for them than for us, it can be taken apart to feed the fire as effortlessly as they can meet in there for a party. (Pomerance 2011) The dystopian realities depicted by Antonioni are environments that prevent emotions to flourish and the characters seem almost affected by a shapeless pain that withers their response to emotions. (Chatman1985) Anomie As called by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim(Slattery 2003) He described it as a malaise of the individual which absence of values and associated feelings of alienation lead him to a general sense of purposelessness in life. A concept that Albert Camus perfectly summed in the opening of his The Stranger (1942) Anomie is common in those societies that have gone through a period of significant economic changes and no exception is the post war Italy of the miracolo italiano Industrialization led men to bring together all their knowledge and strength into a sort of Nietzschean superhuman creation where the efficient modern man now, extension of the machine, seems to be at one with life but not less alienated, just unaware of his own condition. Modernity promoted an ideological discrepancy The ever-increasing split between moral man and scientific man [leads to the prevalence of eroticism as] a symptom of the emotional sickness of our time Antonioni (1962) said Modern man does not have the moral tools to match his technological skills and he is incapable to set authentic relationships with either his surrounding or fellows. It is true that Antonioni translated through abstract images the Marxist theory of alienation in order to explain the sense of frustration and rejection of todays society. Nevertheless, it is too simplistic to say that Antonioni is condemning modernity to have created such an unhuman world where the individual is led to neurosis Antonioni (Brunette 1998) intended to translate the poetry of the world where even factories can be beautiful The complexity of lines, shapes and colours merge into a steampunk dichotomy of functional beauty The sublime beauty of such brutalistic architectures matches what George Orwell wrote in The Road to Wigan Pier (1937): All round was the lunar landscape of slag-heaps [] you could see the factory chimneys sending out their plumes of smoke. The canal path was a mixture of cinders, frozen mud []and pools of stagnant water []It seemed a world from which vegetation had been banished[].   But even Wigan is beautiful [].I do not believe that there is anything inherently and unavoidably ugly about industrialism. A factory or even a gasworks is not obliged of its own nature to be ugly, any more than a palace or a dog-kennel or a cathedral. Of all the contributions Antonioni gave to cinema the most important relies in his ability to correlate character to environment. (Tassone 2002, Antonioni 2007) Antonioni was a long-time student of architecture and all his filmssince his early documentaries of Gente del Po (1947) and Nettezza Urbana (1948) show a keen interest in public and private spaces. (Di Carlo 2002) The social and economic changes of post war Italy led to his attentionthe relation existing between place and individual. Movies like LAvventura would be unconceivable without its images of ordinary Sicilian life. Antonioni shows the complex transformation of modernity through modernist aesthetics and uses the socio political situation of Italy as device to show the self awareness of the film. (Reyner 2013) Explanatory dialogues are minimized and architecture, whether natural or artificial, gains its own narrative autonomy. The use of pre diegetic and post diegetic shots also known as temps mort enhances the simulacral quality of the topographics that through their contemplation reveal their implicit meaning. (Chatman 1978, Lefebvre 2006, Bruno 1997, Reyner 2013) The sublime, merciless and bare beauty of inimical Lisca Bianca. The omnipotence and cosmic indifference of cold and distant industrialized Ravenna. The haptical influence of such places on the plight of the characters resonates with strong expressive analogy. (Cuccu 1973, Antonioni 2007) Dialogue and architecture play as co-metonyms, they not only symbolize modernity but they are crude examples of it. The buildings reflect the characters psyche by association. At the beginning of Lavventura Anna speaks to her dad, she is identified through the noisy new building, and similarly her father is matched with the magnificent dome in the distance. The uncanny battlefield of industrial wastage and the jet of steam and flames act as Giulianas repressed inner force which neurosis synthesized in self destructive attitude. (Bruno 1997) The inhospitable rock of the Aeolian Islands stresses the strangeness of the characters to this environment. The haunting silence of Noto resonates with an existential sense of non-belonging. The Euclidean geometry and surface of modern materials dwarfs our characters. Modernity is reflected by the solid appearance of these facilities. And if the sense of security should be provided by their appearance What security does modernity provide if it only causes unease? A place built by man that rejects man. The space lost its true very own essence to be dwelled. This place has become absurd: stripped out of its functionality there is nothing left but a mere cluster of stones and concrete. The camera movement is perversely spectral and fascinating. The city has become a rational entity. A hostile alien force that seems to reject the characters. A composition that evokes De Chiricos metaphysical period. (Antonioni 1961) Even though De Chiricos paintings suggest that this now inhabited town, once occupied, will be dwelled again, in Lavventura the town seems as it has never been lived. As if a premonition warned the Sicilians to have nothing to do with it. (Costa 2002, Tassone 2002) Finally the epilogue of Lavventura reaches the climax in the evolution of the couple in crisis. The composition is emblematic, split in between a void and a fill. The far sight of a volcano island and an empty wall. The will to forgive and the inability to reason own existence. This frame shows all the uncertainty and suspension upon which the movie ends. Antonioni does not reveal in these places cataclysmic sceneries. He rather makes a commentary on the personal problems that bad building and misused spaces created and are afflicting modern man. The macabre visions of environmental exploitation and building speculation revealed the collapse of safety of our surrounding and have become concrete manifestation of the emotional sickness of our time When Lavventura was published it was said of giallo alla rovescia, or noir in reverse. (Cuccu 1973) While De Sica would have uncovered the drama of these individualsAntonioni instead uses his exceptional dispassionate photography to dedrammatize the events. (Cuccu 1973) This is why it no longer seems to me important to make a film about a man who has had his bicycle stolenit is important to see what there is in the mind and in the heart of this man how he has adapted himself, what remains in him of his past experiences.(Bondanella 1943) This does not mean his movies are not dramatic, but on the counterpart the events do not follow a conventional chain of causalities. The common cinematic technique of resolution suggests that Anna will eventually be found and Giuliana will recover. Antonioni does not offer any solution to act on the present. (Nowell-Smith 1995) Using ellipses the temporality of the events is preserved and their reality enhanced however, the events are not strictly related by a cause-effect succession but rather linked by contingency. As matter of fact we are not given any further information when Giulianas depression started or when Anna decided to leave to never come back again. Each event is no less accidental and casual than the others. As casual as the disappearing of Anna and the complete abandon by Claudia and Sandro that revealed at the end a cold and unforgiving disappearing of a disappearance. We are not given to know what has been of Anna or whether Claudias hand resting on Sandros head in the most delicate of all acceptances means she forgave Sandro or if she was consenting him. We cant be sure about Giuliana either, whether she recovered from her depression or if she adapted to the modern world as explains to Valerio how birds adapted to that poisonous environment. (Chatman 1985) The events we expect to happen never happen. The title shows its ambiguity as it works symbolically and not visually. The Red Desert, the desert of the alienated things, the aridity of the human emotions. The adventure, the journey Anna undertakes swimming overboard, the sentimental adventure of Sandro and Claudia. And even the intentions behind the films are ambiguous: We cant really tell if Lavventura and Il Deserto Rosso are about moral decay or an outcry about the effects of technology on the humans sensitiveness. Whether the inhabited rock of a Sicilian island or the outskirt of an industrialized city, Antonioni was capable to film modernity through the bare appearance of things. (Gilman 1962) Although, it is difficult to tell what Antonionis movies are about, Antonioni himself after a visit to Mark Rothkosaid: Your paintings are like my films-theyre about nothingwith precision. (Gilman 1962) Antonioni was a poet of the form and the meaning of his works comes from the interaction between suggestive architectures and the ambiguity of the human emotions. He depicted a utopian desire to regain a sense of human connection with the environment. His shots offer nothing more and nothing less than the sheer wonder of existence. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READINGS Antonioni, M., 1961. Fare un film per me à ¨ vivere. Scritti sul cinema. Ed. 2009. Venice: Marsilio Editore, 43. Antonioni, M., 1962.A talk with Michelangelo Antonioni. Film Culture, 24 (1962): 51. Antonioni, M., 2007. The Architecture of Vision: Writings and Interview on Cinema. Chicago: University of Chicago Barthes, R., 1994. Caro Antonioni. In: Barthes, R. Ed. 1997. Sul cinema. Genoa: Il Nuovo Melangolo, 172-173. Bondanella, P., 1943. Italian Cinema: From Neorealism to the Present. Ed. 1984. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co, 108. Bortolini, F., 2011. Forme dellesperienza e del linguaggio. Camus, Sartre, Bergman, Antonioni. Milan: Unicopli. Bruno, G., 1997. Site-seeing: architecture and the moving image. Wide Angle, 19 (4), 8-24. Brunette, P., 1998. The films of Michelangelo Antonioni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 96. Camus, A., 1942. The Stranger. New York: Vintage Books. Chatman, S. 1989. LAvventura. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Chatman, S., 1985. Antonioni, or the surface of the world. London: University of California Press. Costa, A., 2002. Il cinema e le arti visive. Torino: Einaudi. Crowther, B., 1961. Italian Film Wins Cannes Top Prize. The New York Times [online], 5 April 1961. Avilable from: http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9400e0db133de733a25756c0a9629c946091d6cf [Accessed 21 October 2016]. Cuccu, L., 1973. La visione come problema: Forme e svolgimento del cinema di Antonioni. Rome: Bulzoni. Darke, C., 1995. Lavventura. Sight and Sound, 5 (12), 55. Di Carlo, C., 1964. Michelangelo Antonioni. In: Fink, G., ed. 1983. Michelangelo Antonioni, identificazione di un autore: gli anni della formazione e la critica su Antonioni. Parma: Pratiche Editrice, 74-75. Di Carlo, C., 2002. Il cinema di Michelangelo Antonioni. Milan: Il Castoro. Fink, G., 1983. Michelangelo Antonioni, identificazione di un autore: gli anni della formazione e la critica su Antonioni. Parma: Pratiche Editrice, 103. Freud, S., 1977. Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety. New York: Norton Company. Gente del Po, 1947. [film, DVD]. Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Italy: Artisti Associati ICET. Giannetti, D., 1999. Invito al cinema di Antonioni. Milan: Ugo Mursia Editore. Gilman, R., 1962. On Antonioni. Theatre Arts, 46 (1962), 7. Grenier, C., 1960. Reflections on the Parisian Screen Scene. New York Times, 20 November 1960. Hawkins, R. F., Focus on an Unimpressive Cannes Film Fete. The New York Times, 29 May 1960. Hoberman J., 2006. Seeing and Nothingness: A Must-see Retrospective Celebrates the Works of a Modernist Master. Village Voice [online], 30 May 2006. Available from: http://www.villagevoice.com/film/seeing-and-nothingness-6418576[Accessed 30 October 2016]. Holden, S., 2006. Antonionis Nothingness and beauty. The New York Times [online], 04 June 2006, Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/04/movies/04hold.html[Accessed 28 October 2016]. Il deserto rosso, 1964. [film, DVD]. Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Italy, France: Film Duemila. Koehler, R., 2015. Great wide open: LAvventura. Sight and Sound [online], 20 April 2015,Available from: http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/features/greatest-films-all-time/great-wide-open-l-avventura[Accessed 3 November 2016]. Lavventura, 1959. [film, DVD].Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Italy, France: Cino del Duca. Lefebvre, M., 2006. Landscape and Film. London: Routledge. Lucantonio, G., 2011. Lavventura > Michelangelo Antonioni. Rapporto Confidenziale [online], 07 January 2011, Available from: http://www.rapportoconfidenziale.org/?p=11578[Accessed 5 November 2016]. Manceaux, M., 1960. An Interview with Antonioni.   Sight and Sound 30 (1) 5-8. Melzer, Z., 2010. Michelangelo Antonioni and the Reality of the Modern. Offscreen. [online], 14 (4). Moravia, A., 1960. Boredom. Milan: Valentino Bompiani Co, 5. N.U -Nettezza urbana, 1948. [film, DVD]. Directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. Italy: Artisti Associati ICET. Nowell-Smith, G., 1995. Antonioni: Before and After. Sight and Sound, 12 (December 1995) 16-21. OLesser, S., 1964. Lavventura: a closer look.Yale review,54 (1964) 45. Orwell, G., 1937. The Road to Wigan Pier. Ed. 2011. London: Penguin Books. Pasolini, P. P., 1976. The Cinema of Poetry. In: Nichols, B., ed. 1976. Movie and Methods.Vol.1. Berkeley: University of California Press, 542-558. Pomerance, M., 2011. Michelangelo Red Antonioni Blue: Eight Reflections on Cinema. London: University of California Press. Reyner, J., 2013. Film Landscapes : Cinema, Environment and Visual Culture. New Castle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Salinari, C., 1980. Miti E Coscienza del Decadentismo Italiano. Milan: Feltrinelli. Sartre, J. P., 1989. Being and Nothingness: an essay on phenomenological ontology. London: Routledge. Slattery, M., 2003. Key ideas in Sociology. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Tassone, A., 2002. I film di Michelangelo Antonioni: un poeta della visione. Ed. 2007. Rome: Gremese Editore. Tinazzi, G., 1994. Michelangelo Antonioni. Edition: 2002. Milan: Il Castoro. Tomasulo, F., 2008. Life is inconclusive: a conversation with Michelangelo Antonioni. In: Cardullo, B., ed. 2008. Michelangelo Antonioni: Interviews. Jackson: university Press of Mississippi, 162-168.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: essays research papers

Have you ever thought about what life would be like if Hitler had won WWII? Just think about not being able to choose the job of your choice or not being able to express your feelings about the government. Those are just two of the many freedoms that would have been lost if the U.S. would have lost the war. The book 1984 gives a view of what life would be like if we lived under a totalitarianism government. The story 1984 is about Winston Smith an average person who lives on airstrip one in Oceania, which used to be London, England. The ruling government of Oceania is IN SOC, which is a totalitarianism government. The author George Orwell wrote this book to warn people about the negative effects of a totalitarianism government. In the first section of the book, it tells about Winston's job changing the past and present news for the government. Winston belongs to the outer-party and is suppose to love Big Brother who is the ruler of Oceania. The official language developed by the government, which is spoke in Oceania is Newspeak. Oceania is constantly at war with the brotherhood, which allows Big Brother to stay in power. Winston's rebellion against Big Brother starts in section one with him writing in a diary, which is not allowed in Oceania. Later in section one he has sex with Julia who is also an outer-party member and having sex is also illegal in Oceania. In the second section of the book Winston has a love affair with Julia. The two of them continue to break the laws of Big Brother and the thought police, which is the police core of Oceania, begin to catch on to Winston and Julia. Winston also meets O'Brien who works for Big Brother and is spying on Winston and Julia. In the third section of the book is when the climax of the book takes place. Winston and Julia were caught by the Thought Police because of their acts against Big Brother. O'Brien then takes Winston to room 101, which contains in it a person's worst fears. For Winston his worse fear is rats because when he was a kid he saw his mom lying dead in a field with rats all over her. In room 101 is where the climax of the book takes place when Winston yells out, "do it to Julia.

Healthcare Museum

Sandra HuppenbauerHealthcare has been and will always be a growing industry from new vaccines to new diseases. We would like to create a non-profit organization and open a Health Care Hall of Fame Museum. In this museum we will have various exhibits that have changed healthcare. I will give you a brief description of five that play a huge role in public health today. Public HealthVaccineFirst exhibit would be vaccine in the United States. Public health efforts have gained strength as the nation grew toward independence in the 1700s. World’s first vaccine was for smallpox in the 1970’s created by Edward Jenner. There were several events that helped better shape public health. There was a huge epidemic in 1793 yellow fever broke out in Philadelphia following the nations capital. Soon after congress had charged MHS with examining passengers on ships coming in that might have infectious diseases specifically for cholera and yellow fever. Also in1870’s and 1880â€℠¢s scientist in Europe gave evidence that microscopic organism were the issue of several infectious diseases. Moving forward to our latest era in 2008 through legislation enacted by Congress, NICHD be renamed the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the institute’s 45th anniversary celebrationBirthThe second exhibit we would love to show case would be giving birth. Delivering babies has had a tremendous change in the healthcare industry. Starting back in the Middle Ages and renaissance. Barber-surgeons began trying monopolizing childbirth services. Women in that day and age were forbidden to practice medicine or midwifery, many midwives were accused of  being witches and killed. Men were only allowed in medical schools. Barger-surgeon delivered most babies. In 17l6 New York City required licensing of midwives. Licenses placed the midwife in the role of servant of the state, a keeper of social and civil order. Around the turn of century late 1800’s anesthesia was introduced.By 1920, doctors believed that â€Å"normal† deliveries were so rare that interventions should be made during every labor to stop trouble. 1930 The American Board of Obstetricians and Gynecology was established. This is just the for front of the timeline in the healthcare industry. There is a huge time line dating way back that would be great information in a hall of fame museum. To educate the public in birthing and what it has become today. GovernmentThird exhibit is how the government plays a huge role in public health. Prior to the great depression dated from 1929-41. United states citizens did not agree that the federal government should have any part with citizen’s health. But during the Great Depression the U.S citizens became desperate since then the governments role in the public health has expanded. Since that accrued two sections from the constitution were taken as allowing the federal government to interv ene in the nation’s health. The first is the ability to tax people to provide for the â€Å"general welfare.† This allows for the collection of money to be used in support of health programs. Second, the federal government has the ability to regulate commerce.The government can implement policies that limit the personal and property rights of individuals or businesses. This authority allows the rules and regulations of restaurants, sewage and water companies, product and drug safety, and other businesses that sell products to consumers. As citizens we go about our life not knowing the background or history in what we use in an everyday life the government has changed public healthcare drastically this is just a brief insight to what the government has done. TechnologyOver centuries, healthcare has changed the face of healthcare with new medical developments and techniques. For thousands of years, people have been playing, planning, and exploring with the hopes to find the mystery of the human body. Public health has always combined the best form in treating cancer, delivering babies to dealing with heart attacks. Doctors and  scientist have developed technology and improved techniques. The issue that doctors in this era face is broken medical systems and the right insurance company. Doctors will become better at tackling health problems and new techniques with technology as biomedical research improves.Still on going but improving, the three main changes that are revolutionizing public health today are electronic medical records, clinical practice and population science. In the last few decades, medical billing and coding has switched from being a paper-based system to a computerized format. Under HIPAA laws, medical practitioners had to develop new software in order to send out electronic bills. Healthcare continues to evolve and so does medical technology and its use in every aspect of the public health. Public Health InsuranceLastly, Health insurance has played a huge role and a on going development in the United States. Many believe the United States is on the edge of national healthcare reform. Healthcare cost seems to be unreasonable while 46 million American are uninsured. In the early 1900s proposals began to surface. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt’s Bull Mosse party campaigned for health insurance. Moving to today’s day and age President Obama extends the state children’s Health Insurance program through 2013 and created the Obama care in with all citizens with the exception of some must have medical insurance. Public healthcare has developed from the World War to now, and is still continuing to change and evolve. This museum would be so beneficial to our organization and help educate and help our citizens better understand the history of public health.

Male And Female Leaders Challenges Within The Global World...

Male and female leaders continually face challenges within the global world and workplace today. One of the biggest challenges faced, is public perception, culture and stereotypes. Part of research shows these differences in views threw gender dynamics. Men are viewed as dominate and strong. Women are viewed as caring for others and nurturing. Additionally, workplace stereotypes have caused serious problems in the past. This will need to change to a great extent if America is going to be successful in the future. This topic is highly debated and controversial. In the past, many have tried to go over why there are fewer female leaders, even though the number of women increases the workforce. This is researched, factoring in genetic makeup and conduct; based on what part of the world leaders are being addressed. Second, within work environments there is controversy. Leaders of the past are not how leaders are viewed today. Leaders were associated with males, and sororities and convents with females. Traditional strengths are still in place, but more competencies and traits have been added to job description or duties. Some traditional strength consists of innovation, motivation and vision. Whether male or female leaders, the need to lead through influence, enhance relationships and understand and appreciate cultures. This is discussed in the article â€Å"How Leadership Has Changed† by author Carol Stephenson. Third, statistical information varies. Specifically, the view of malesShow MoreRelatedChanging Faces Within The Workforce938 Words   |  4 Pagesnational origins, weight of a person, sexual orientation, and religion to name a few. As a leader, ensuring that all employees receive a fair and equitable evaluation may be a challenge for some; this has been recognized as a crucial part of the overall success of any establishment or corporation. 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Overview Of Fraser And Neave Holdings And Nestle Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1517 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The chairman and CEO of FN are two different people. Y.A.M Teng Ku Syarif Bendahara Perlis Syed Badarudin Jamalullail is the FNs chairman, while the CEO of the company is Mr Tan Ang Meng. Independent non-executive directors of FN make up of at least one-third of the board membership. There are 4 independent non-executive directors of 11 board members. All directors are non-executive directors except the CEO. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overview Of Fraser And Neave Holdings And Nestle Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The non-executive directors of FN are capable, skill and experience. They full of experience and have varied skills that relevant to the company business operations. They manage the business affairs of the company and approve strategic plans, key business initiatives as well as major investment and funding decisions. They also assign the conduct of daily operating affairs to the CEO. The board also had identified a senior independent non-executive director in the annual report. Leslie Oswin Struys is the senior independent non-executive director of FN and it had been stated in the annual report. He was appointed to act as an additional communication channel for corporate governance affairs in the company. Size of the boards was examined by the company to determine the impact of the number upon its effectiveness. The board has 11 directors including non-executive and executive directors. Of the eleven directors, six are nominees of the two largest shareholders and four are independent as well as one non-executive director, CEO. The Board is broadly balanced that reflect the interests of significant shareholders, management and minority shareholders in the company. The Board held 8 board meetings in the year 2009, the details of directors attendance was recorded. Most of the board of directors attended 8/8 of board meetings where five meetings were held at its registered office and the other three meetings were held off-site in Kuala Lumpur. The Nominating Committee composed of four non-executive directors, three of whom are independent with the responsibility in assessing recommendations for Board appointments and Board Committees. All Nominating Committee members attended the sole meeting scheduled during the year. Proposed changes in the composition of the main Board, committees and subsidiary boards were reviewed at this meeting prior to the submission of recommendations to the Board. The directors also reviewed and kept abreast of developments in the area of board performance assessment. A formal evaluation process has been put in place to assess the effectiveness of the Board as a whole. The Remuneration Committee of FN was formed in May 2001, which consists of four non-executive of board members that. The Committee is responsible for reviewing succession planning, remuneration policies and practices of the company. They also supervise the allocation of share options to employees under the Companys ESOS scheme. Two Remuneration Committee meetings were held during the year. Procedures relating to the re-election of directors are accorded in the Companys Articles of Association. New directors are subject to election at the Annual General Meeting as following the first appointment which is Huang Hong Peng was appointed on 1 March 2009. In addition, one-third of the directors are required by rotation to submit themselves for re-election by shareholders at every AGM of the Company. During the year 2009, the directors of the Company attended various external and internal training programs and seminars such as Directors Continuing Education Program, Mandatory Accreditation Program, The Global Economy in the Aftermath of the Financial Crisis, and Risk Management Program. From time to time, the directors attend training to keep abreast with current developments as well as the new statutory and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee of FN comprise five directors, the majority of whom are independent, including the Chairman and at least one member shall be an accountant. The Audit Committees chairman was Tan Sri Dato Dr Lin See Yan. He was supported by a majority of independent Board members. Mr Anthony Cheong Fook Seng is a member with an accounting qualification. A total of four meetings were held and all the Audit Committee members attended all the meetings during the year. Nestl (Malaysia) Berhad The chairman and CEO of Nestle is two different person. Tan Sri Dato Seri Syed Zainol Anwar Jamalullail is the Chairman whereas Peter Robert Vogt is the Managing Director. The board composed of more than one-third of independent non-executive directors. The Board has eight members while four members are independent non-executive directors. The non-executive directors of Nestl are capable, skill and experience The non-executive directors have diverse experience including professional backgrounds, representing a high level of business, international and financial knowledge, which is core to the setting of strategies, monitoring of strategy achievement, ultimately leading. Nestl does not have a senior independent non-executive director but consist a chairman of board of directors which is Tan Sri Dato Seri Syed Zainol Anwar Jamalullail. The size of the Board of Directors was reviewed by Nestle to determine the impact of the number on its effectiveness. The Board of Directors is very well balanced between the number of executive and non-executive directors and between independent and non-independent directors. The Independent Non-Executive Directors are able to provide the independent unbiased views and advice in its decision making, to ensure that the best interest of the Company, shareholders and employees, whereas the Executive Directors are responsible to ensure the implementation of the strategies and policies as resolved by the Board of Directors. Four meetings of directors were held by the Board in the financial year. The record of attendance is all the directors have full or 100% attendance except Tan Sri Dato Ernst Zulliger and Mohd. Rafi k Bin Shah Mohamad only attended three of four general meetings. The Board does not consider the necessary to setting up a separate Nomination Committee as the turnover of directors is very low with only eight persons and that all proposals for appointment and resignation of directors are fully deliberated by the Board of Directors. Two nominations of new directors were fully deliberated by the Board of Directors in 2009. The nomination of Datuk Rafi ah Binti Salim as an Independent Non-Executive Director and Peter Robert Vogt was appointed as a Non-Independent Executive Director. Non-establishment of the Remuneration Committee due to the managing director, and the finance control executive, Marc Philippe Seiler and the non Independent non-executive Director, Dato Frits Wout Marie van Dijk are proposed and employed directly by Nestl S.A. Each of these directors are employees which based on contracts of expatriation employment and their remuneration package consisting of emoluments and benefits are in accordance with the remuneration practices of the worldwide Nestl group of companies as established by the Human Resource function of Nestl S.A. in Vevey, Switzerland. The fees and benefits paid to the Independent Non-Executive Directors including the Independent Non-Executive Chairman are proposed by the Company to the Board of Directors and during the deliberation on the amount of fees and benefits to be paid to the Non-Executive Directors, the Non-Executive Directors would abstain from discussing their own remuneration. The re-election and re-appointed of directors are contained in Articles 90.1 and 90.2 of the Companys Articles of Association, one-third of the directors for time being shall retire from office and be eligible for re-election, provided always that all directors shall retire from office once at least in each three years but shall be eligible for re-election, to allow the shareholders the opportunity to renew their mandate at the Annual General Meeting. As the continuous training for directors, the management updated them on a timely basis with reading material based on latest development on directors roles and responsibilities. The managing director had attended training on Crisis Management as well as attended and was a speaker of Corporate Responsibility Forum and etc. and the finance control executive attended the Mandatory Accreditation Programme, was a speaker on the topic of Improving Business Performance Through Management Accounting and conducted training on Dynamic Forecasting and Consensus Planning. The other directors have attended trainings or conducted trainings in areas relevant to their capacity as directors from time to time. The Audit Committee consists of five members who are all Independent, Non-Executive Directors. The post and current Chairman of the Audit Committee are both qualified chartered accountants, being members of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants. During the financial year, the Audit Committee held five meetings. A quorum established by the presence of the Chairman and at least two members in the Audit Committee meetings. The Audit Committee responsible to plan and conduct internal audits and to ensure that the Companys financial statements are prepared in accordance with applicable generally accepted accounting principles. In conclusion, both of the companies were pursuing the best practice of corporate governance by complying with the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance [Revised 2007] in order to protect the companies reputation, shareholders and stakeholders. Question Is the chairman and the CEO is two different person? Is the independent non executive directors make up of one third of the board? Is the non-executive and executive directors are capable, skill and experienced? Have the general meeting be held in the year?

In drama Hamlet, Shakespeare showed Hamlet in war for...

In drama Hamlet, Shakespeare showed Hamlet in war for women. In the family, the son is Hamlet whose wish is suppressed both by his spiritual father (Superego) and by his corporeal father and whose Ego is torn between two fathers as between his good angel and his bad angel. Hamlet whose conscious mind, is in the conflict with his unconscious mind, while his intellect seems healthily above and his positions of real ego as a madman below, attracted by Gertrud , that is displaced occasionally by Ophelia, and suppressed by his parents. This way, the play is â€Å" the strange eruption of Hamlet, † that he gets torn between the attraction and the repression and he leaves the various expression on the mind of his reader. His â€Å"disposition of†¦show more content†¦Before Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet is quite careful. He immediately suspects that they are Claudiuss spies. He makes fun of them with the ordinary knowledge, and finally he looks for the way of b eing saved and of sending them to the death, as a cautious man or a man of Ego. Another good example of Hamlet’s Ego is his plan to arrange an interpretation of the Murder of Gonzago with insertion of some lines from his own mind. He instructs and put privately Horatio to look at the reaction of the King to the play, and to have success in testing the conscience of the King. His reason or Ego works when Hamlet pushes back the idea of killing Claudius while he prays with the remorse, The excuse that he would send him to the heaven in such a moment of the repentance. When he returned from exile in Act V, onw sees a very different picture. He is calm, rational and less fear of death than simply indifferent. Youve come to the realization that the destination is ultimately Hamlet is ready to confront the paradoxical truth that to avenge the death of his father he should commit the same Act seeking revenge. Using the destination as a scapegoat, Hamlet can distance themselves from the Act of killing Claudius. Hamlet has reached the climax of his philosophizing; he has prepared for death. When Hamlet does finally die, it is his princely qualities that make the lasting imprint in our minds. Hamlet remains In Act III, Scene iii, when PoloniusShow MoreRelatedHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 Pagesdangerous to society. False 13.   Shakespeares five great tragedies include: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and: Romeo and Juliet. 14.   The plays of Chekhov feature: Naturalism pg 247-249 15.   Which of the following conventions is seldom found in Elizabethan theaters: Soliloquy or Elizabeth’s Sonnet 16. Know the plot summary of Oedipus Rex. Antigone: Creon condemns both Antigone and Ismene to death. Haemon, Creon’s son and Antigone’s betrothed, enters the stage. Oedipus the King: Oedipus naturallyRead MoreThe Elizabethan Eras Effect on Shakespeares Works2878 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Elizabethan age helped Shakespeare create a vivid and colorful world to build his plays on, and in return, Shakespeares genius helped to define this pinnacle of English history. To best understand Shakespeare, it is crucial to understand the age in which he lived and worked. The Elizabethan era was characterized by a renascent interest in the arts, long forgotten because of the many years of turmoil and political unrest that preceded it. Most notably was the War of the Roses, in which the twoRead MoreHow English Literature Affects the Monarchy2997 Words   |  12 Pagesolder brother, Prince Arthur, died in 1502 (Henry VIII (r.1509-1547)). He reigned during the House of Tudor monarchy when he was only eighteen years old until he died in 1547, having Edward VI succeed him. Throughout his years of reign, he married six women including: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr. In 1527, Henry divorced Catherine of Aragon, since she could no longer conceive children, and became infatuated with Anne Boleyn (HenrysRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesa job in Mexico. Carrie refused to follow her husband. Instead, she traveled around the country, living with friends and relatives and working at temporary jobs as a maid or waitress. She had ambitions to become an actress, but roles for black women were scarce. Sometimes she took young Langston with her, but most of the time he stayed with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. Grandmother Mary Langston, an American citizen of French, Cherokee, and African descent, was nineteen in 1855 whenRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesInnovative Attitude Scale 225 Scoring Key 225 Creative Style Assessment 226 Scoring Key 226 Comparison Data 226 SKILL PRACTICE Applying Conceptual Blockbusting 227 Observer’s Feedback Form 227 Answer to Matchstick Problem in Figure 3.4 229 Answer to Shakespeare Riddle in Figure 3.5 229 Some Common Themes Applying to Water and Finance 229 Answer to Name That Ship Problem in Figure 3.6 230 Answer to Nine-Dot Problem in Figure 3.7 230 Answer to Embedded Pattern Problem in Figure 3.8 231 PART II 4 INTERPERSONALRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesrelations: rare, medium, or well-done? in Harvard Business Review Vol. 26 No. 1 Harvard Business School Publishing (Roethlisberger, F. J. 1948); Figure 3.6 Courtesy of ATT Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ; Figure 4.1 The Trustees of the Imperial War Museum, London; Figure 4.2 adapted from Performance evaluation and control: supporting organizational change in Management Decision Vol. 39 No. 10 MCB University Press (Johnson, P., et al. 2001); Figure 5.1 Pete Saloutos/CORBIS; Table 5.1  © Managerial

Sociology Mental and Sexual Atrocities

Questions: 1. What was the most surprising thing that stood out to you about the film? 2. What did you find most difficult to watch/hear?3. Do you think that most Canadians really know about what went on in Residential Schools? Why or why not?4. How did the experiences and education being taught in the Residential Schools affect the students sense of self-worth?5. The 100 years of Residential schools have been called Canadas Holocaust. If this is true, then why are most people ignorant to what really went on? Why do you think people hold so easily to their negative stereotypes (or racist views)?6. How do you think this could affect a persons choices after leaving the Residential School?7. How do you think we can promote reconciliation after all of the harm that has been done? Did the national apology from Steven Harper make a difference? Why or why not?8. What are you going to do with what youve seen? How will this affect you (and how you treat your patients or people in society) in your nursin g career? Answers: 1. The most surprising thing about the movie We were children is the manner in which the Canadian governments residential system got involved in physical, mental and sexual atrocities to young children. The scene of Lyna being subjected to hunger, loneliness, racism and abuse at such a young age truly makes me question why should children be subjected to such atrocities at such young age when they needs to be nurtured and cared. 2. The most disturbing scene for me is Glens attempt to commit suicide. 3. I think Canadians were aware about the atrocities in Residential school because the Canadian Government formally apologized for these schools in June 2008. The Canadian Residential school system was started way back in the 1850s and since then about 1,50, 000 aboriginal children in Canada were legally forced to attend the residential schools. The main purpose was to integrate the aboriginal population into the Canadian society. All Canadian are now aware of the atrocities and horrendous experience of children in these schools after the government apology and several attempts to retell the story. The movie We were children has disclosed the horror acts to the world through the narration and acting of Lyna and Glen. Several reports also covered atrocities in residential schools which depicted violation of childs self esteem and culture. 4. The experience and education taught in Residential schools affected the students self-worth in many ways. This can be understood from the experiences of the character Lyna and Glen in the movie We were children. These children were punished for speaking their own language and often locked up in storage room for several days. They were victims of abuse and have witnessed abuse done to other children too at the residential school. Their feeling of self-worth was highly affected as it was seen in the movie that both Lyna and Glen faced lot of difficulty in adjusting to life outside school. They had a feeling that they were not suitable to fit into the white society and it lead may children to attempt suicide to stop their sufferings. All form of abuses, poor sanitation along with overcrowding and threatening has resulted in poor self-esteem in affected children and rise in social dysfunction over the generation. 5. The Residential school system has been called the Canadas holocaust, still may people are ignorant to what happened at the school. This can be said because despite several reports on negative experience of residential school children, nothing has been done still to improve the experience of these children or the survivors. They now suffer from post-traumatic stress syndrome and have poor social and professional skills. Aboriginal community is still in need f ways to health their wounds caused by substance abuse, violence and crime. The experience of children at the Canadian residential school depicts racial stereotyping practices in society. They were abused because of their race and origin. People hold on to negative stereotypes because of their social values and attitude towards people. Some engage in this racial stereotype because they were also a part of it. It was also found that children experiencing racism in residential school tend to transmit this across generation depicting their own experience as a factor influencing such acts. Negative stereotypes can affects a persons choice after leaving the residential school because they will also adapt the abusive behavior learned from residential school. It will lead to a intergenerational trauma in which effects of racial experience will be passed on to vulnerable children. Due to this racial stereotypes, their cultural values and sense will be affected leading to harmful consequence in the future. They might develop feelings of low self-esteem and sense of worthlessness in life. They struggle to fit in society and develop mistrust towards people. 7. After all the damage done to children in Residential schools, reconciliation can be done by promoting the rights of Aboriginal community throughout Canada. Healing initiative can also be undertaken to counsel affected children and help them overcome different psychological problem. Several such healing initiative has been implemented in Canada to address sexual and physical abuse in affected person. The national apology of Stephen Harper has not worked because he is not committed to true reconciliation efforts. People still do not get real benefit as residential school survivors face several issues in their life till now. Sustained action is required to make the reconciliation efforts possible. 8. As a nurse, I would deal with such children in a very compassionate manner. In case of people suffering from substance abuse, I would provide them drug treatment and rehabilitation support. I would provide treatment to break their addictions and manage their withdrawal symptoms. I would provide emotional support and physical care to residential school survivors.